A local tolerance test confirmed that irritation caused by BPC-157 is mild, with no serious toxicity observed across mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs
berberine is contraindicated in pregnancy and breastfeeding
Proposed Mechanism BPC-157 appears to work through multiple pathways: Maintaining vesicular integrity (affecting VMATs and dopamine transporters) Possibly occupying its own vesicular storage sites Competing for dopamine receptor binding Functionally substituting when dopaminergic neurons are lost This last property, essentially filling in for missing dopamine function, would explain why the peptide counteracts both receptor agonists (apomorphine) and antagonists (haloperidol, fluphenazine, clozapine, sulpiride) with equal effectiveness
Wang, J., Zhou, X., Pan, B., Wang, H., Shi, F., Gan, W., Yang, L., Yin, X., Xu, B
(2016) Magnesium in metabolic syndrome: a review based on randomized, double-blind clinical trials